Hard disk DOS management structure

1. Track, sector, cylindrical and head count

The most basic part of the hard disk by acer laptop keyboard hard metal material made of coated with magnetic medium results, different capacity hard disc number inequality. There are two sides to every blanks, can

Record information. Disc is divided into many quadrant area, each region that a sector, each sector can store 128 x 2 N power (N = 0.1.2.3) bytes information. In the DOS

In each sector is 128 x 2 2 power = 512 bytes, disc surface in disc center to central, radius of different series of concentric circles called tracks. Hard disk, different blanks the same radius

The track of cylindrical called cylinder. Track and cylinder is said different radius circle, on many occasions, and track and cylindrical used interchangeably, we know that each magnetic

Disc has two sides, each plane has a head, used to head number to distinguish. Sector, track (or cylindrical) and head number constitute the basic parameters of the acer aspire 5740 laptop keyboard structure of hard disk, help these

Parameter can get hard drive capacity, base calculation formula is:

Storage capacity = head count × track (cylindrical) number × × each sectors every sector bytes

Key points: (1) hard disk several blanks, each disc two sides, each face a head

(2) the disc is divided into multiple quadrant area namely sector

(3) the same disc different radius of concentric circles for track

(4) different blanks the same radius of the composition of the combinatory cylindrical surface namely

(5) formula: storage capacity = head count × track (cylindrical) number × × each sectors every sector bytes

(6) information record and acer aspire 5740dg laptop keyboard can be expressed as: xx track (cylindrical), x head, x sector

2. Cluster

"Cluster" is allocated DOS the minimum unit. When creating a small file, so a byte, then it on disk is not only about a byte space,

But occupies the whole one cluster. DOS depending on the different storage medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk), different capacity of the hard drive, the size of a cluster is different also. The size of a cluster can be in called disk

Parameter block (BPB) acquisition. The concept of cluster only apply to data area.

This point: (1) "cluster" is allocated DOS the minimum unit.

(2) different storage medium, different acer aspire 5740g laptop keyboard capacity of the hard disk, different DOS version, the size of a cluster is different also.



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Without laptop blank screen how to solve?

Notebook for no reason blank screen, but notebook dell latitude d600 series laptop cpu cooling fan didn't crash, if afraid of forced shutdown, cause data loss words. We can use the following ways to keep data, so as to avoid unnecessary loss.

1, notebook without reason blank screen, failure analysis

Blank screen question is easy to appear in the play the game, started to think is to run the game cause the computer dell latitude d620 laptop cpu cooling fan to crash blank screen. However, the screen full black but game sound and that didn't crash. Estimation is misoperation the screen shortcuts.

2, try to screen shortcuts, the result is invalid

Trying to follow screen shortcuts, start menu button, but the notebook screen is still blank screen, no reaction. It seems not wrong according to the screen shortcuts. Probably screen itself.

3, but under, and closed the laptop lid

But under, forced to restart notebook dell latitude d800 series laptop cpu cooling fan, screen intact, explain the screen is also no problem. And once again play the game, blank screen phenomenon appeared again. Abrupt fantasy, the laptop lid closed, into standby mode.

Four, from standby state recovery, screen brighten

Then, turn over the notebook cover, press any key from standby state awaken notebook. Unexpected is the notebook screen returned to normal, to return to the game interface, all data is not lost.

5, TIPS set to the correct power attribute

The way to deal with blank screen problem is very effective, but there is a premise, is must be in power management inside the close the lid set of functions for dell latitude d830 laptop cpu cooling fan standby. If set to "do not take any measures", that this recruit will fail.





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Installation CPU fan's attention

1, pay attention to clean fin

CPU cooling fan toshiba qosmio g45 laptop cpu cooling fan suction dust of great harm. More dust not only hinder the radiator is ventilated, also can affect fan rotation, so a cooling fan in use after a period of time the need for cleaning. The need when cleaning before the radiator and fan apart, fin can directly flush, for fan and cooling with viscous oil dirt, usable cotton swab to wipe clean. If a cooling fan noise anomaly increases, the general because fan internal lubricating oil consumed be caused by, need to fan axis for serious cleanness and charging lubricating oil.

2, the correct use of thermal silicone grease

When the cooling fan installed in the CPU toshiba qosmio g10 series laptop cpu cooling fan fin and between coating thermal silicone grease. Thermal silicone grease role is not only the CPU the production quantity of heat quickly and evenly transfer to radiator, in many cases, silicone grease can also increase the radiator is not too flat lower surface and CPU thermal contact. And silicone grease has certain viscosity, in fixed fin metal Dan piece slight aging loose circumstances, can be in a certain extent make fin not and CPU surface separation, maintain a cooling fan efficiency. The use of silicone grease principle is less as far as possible, the CPU on the surface on the drop a little fingers on uniform can, or is likely to cause leakage fault.

3, carefully fixed fan

Fixed a cooling fan with metal shrapnel tightness of general can adjust, if did not use kernel exposed CPU, it should be possible close way installed a cooling fan, otherwise likely because fin can't and CPU full contact surface caused by the cooling efficiency and decrease the occurrence of vibration phenomenon. If the new installed a cooling fan in the use of a few days to reduce efficiency, usually metal shrapnel slight slip results, such as file tablet upward slide a block, etc. In the metal shrapnel in place cannot for fear of effort and a careless, must do all it can to ensure that fastening. Another installation to be careful not to overexert, in order to avoid damage to the CPU toshiba qosmio g15 series laptop cpu cooling fan socket nearby components and circuit.







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Identify the method of computer main board quality stand or fall

Computer ibm lenovo thinkpad x61s laptop cpu cooling fan main board quality stand or fall identification methods, help you in to buy computer to buy a piece of sincere best motherboard:

A observation onboard battery
The battery is to keep CMOS data and clock operation and established. Batteries can't keep CMOS data. When the choose and buy, want to be on the lookout for battery is rust, leakage. If rust leakage, may cause the whole motherboards due to corrosion and scrap.

Two observation chip production date
The speed of the main board not only depends on the speed of the ibm lenovo thinkpad x61s 7666 laptop cpu cooling fan, but also depends on the performance of the mainboard chipset. Generally speaking, the time difference of not more than three months, no group will affect the mainboard overall performance. An example of a chip date for 9852 (98 52 weeks), and the other a chip production date 9950 (50, 99 a week), production time difference of about a year, which can judge the motherboard of poor quality, unfavorable buy.
Xp system download

The three observation expansion slot card
The idea is to watch carefully slot of the location of the spring leaf shape, then the ibm lenovo thinkpad x61s 7667 laptop cpu cooling fan interface card after insert into the channel, pull out, watch now slot in the spring leaf position with the original shape is the same, if there is a large deviation, then explaining the slot of the leaf spring elastic is not good, poor quality.

Fourth check its appearance, phase modulation its component.
To see the thickness of the main board, the two main board comparison, thick the advisable. And then observe the mainboard circuit layer number and wiring system is reasonable. The mainboard take up, every main board to the light source see, if can observe on the other side of the wiring element, then explaining the motherboard for ibm lenovo thinkpad x61s 7668 laptop cpu cooling fan double plate, or is the sandwich plate, needless to say should choose sandwich plate.




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The blank space key of usage

The blank space key hp pavilion ze4450 laptop keyboard is our daily use at most one of the key, but its usage you can not all know. Let's begin trawling!

1, executive shadowy options. General software program interface will have an option cover light shadow, if it's options, the blank space key function of the one is checked/remove checked; If it is "the next step" "sure" option, the blank space key role is equivalent to the mouse left key or the enter key.

2, fill do not want to fill the position. Like tencent QQ, if you don't want to fill name age professional provinces city, the multifarious options, disorderly fill is ok hp pavilion ze4601 laptop keyboard , but according to a blank space key in is undoubtedly the most convenient.

3, page turn the page. In the web, press the blank space key is next page, the function and the same PageDown key on the web, read novels especially when convenient.

4, players pause/play. In many players in the blank space key hp probook 4510s laptop keyboard is work, majority is control players pause/play, such as MPC and KMPlayer, press the blank space key than use a mouse to the point that little pause/the play button is much faster.

5, the game key. In the game, the blank space key role has a lot of kinds, such as jumping, attack or pause, etc.

6, Alt + the blank space key hp probook 4520 laptop keyboard . This group of shortcut key will open the top left corner of the program menu, it usually have a "reduction" and "mobile" "size" "minimize" "maximize" and "close" a few options. Press this group of shortcut key after click the "n" or "x" or "c" can quickly minimize or maximize or close the window.

7, Ctrl + the blank space key. This group of shortcut key used to switch input method in both Chinese and English.

8, Shift + the blank space key hp probook 4720s laptop keyboard . This group of shortcuts can switch input method of the full Angle/half Angle, such as smart ABC, pole wubi, etc.




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Notebook computers to restart crash processing solution

Computer including laptop computers dell inspiron n7110 laptop keyboard to restart and crash fault, it is computer maintenance process of hot issue, which involves all aspects of the problem is also, and not in a few words can all generalization. The author here is something, combined with his usual maintenance experience, for these fault do some simple analysis, if not, please correct me. The following analysis is aimed at 600 and T series.

Notebook computers restart, crash fault mainly includes a few aspects:

A, hardware reason is the foundation of computer hardware, good hardware compatibility and performance is a computer of the stable operation of the premise, no good hardware, even Unix system is powerless. Hardware notebook computer dell latitude d610 laptop keyboard, let's have a headache, because laptop computers cannot or is hard to like ordinary desktop that, can use the minimum system method, hardware substitution method and so on methods for hardware fault location.

1, the power supply problem caused by the restart, crash fault, such as voltage instability, wave surge and underload, etc. The notebook computer is delicate, see the fragile power adapter and notebook computer dell latitude d620 laptop keyboard motherboard power supply circuit and can know.

Countermeasures: a, install batteries, don't be for fear of the battery and reduce weight and take off the battery, especially in power and not so stable region. After all, now the battery has been quite intelligent, unless some weak-minded products, otherwise it will not have any big problems. Moreover the need explanation is, do not place your battery in low temperature environment, this will influence the activity of the battery. It can go to the battery production workshop verified, there save notebook battery place is with air conditioning dell latitude d630 laptop keyboard achieve 40 degrees temperature. So don't be afraid of our cells are "hot" on.

Two, don't forget the notebook battery and high power electric joint in the same power row seat, especially air conditioning and so on high power electric appliance. For this reason we all know, I will not say more. The author colleague's power adapter had for this reason and be breakdown over.

3, interface, become loose, basically has two, one is the CPU socket loose caused to restart and crash fault, this kind of circumstance in maintenance process is especially common. In that CPU welding on the mainboard notebook in rare. If there is a very good notebook crash or restart, and this one notebook dell latitude d631 laptop keyboard also exactly is falling from a height or serious collision, we can first consider slot loose situation. Countermeasures to plug, when necessary, repair the broken needle. The second is hard disk drive, such as loose interface. The author had contact with a laptop computer, usually run small program without what big question, but once run large program such as Photoshop crash when will, no doubt, after the examination, the hard disk interface local damage. Countermeasures to change the interface is, when necessary, replace the motherboard, drive interface, hard disk interface, etc.

4, hardware quality bad, such as inferior memory is often is often LanBing maker.

Countermeasures: replace high quality components, as for whether original you don't need to criticize the.

Second, the software failure

1, the operating system itself instability dell latitude d820 laptop keyboard, such as win98, win98se instability is obvious to all, win2000, winXP, Linux and so on operating system stability is much better.

Countermeasures: in hardware conditions permit premise, upgrade the operating system, such as 600, 600 e of the operating system upgrade for win2000.

2, virus, it did not need to say.

Countermeasure is to buy genuine antivirus software, the key is to constantly upgrade, before getting connected with the Internet, it is better to upgrade anti-virus software. Never upgrade or rarely upgrade anti-virus software and the dell latitude d830 laptop keyboard deaf ears are no different.

3, directx cause restart and crash fault.

Countermeasures: A, reinstall or update the driver B, cancel to equipment directx testing.

4, the conflict between software countermeasures: A, try to avoid using test software, B, delete it is apt to cause the problem of software, C, equipped with system optimization software, such as optimizing the master and so on.

Three, heat dissipation from malnutrition dell latitude e4300 laptop keyboard crash, restart fault now notebook more do small, notebook internal space is more and more narrow, and CPU, hard disk, memory and so on calorific value is more and more big, although notebook CPU, hard disk, etc. Or stronger, but they are in front of heat is still lonely and helpless, especially poor design notebook is this kind of problem good hair person, such as some domestic notebook, such as T20 of thermal design is not very good, the problems in T series heavy is also more. Additional cooling bad and cause a series of chain problems, such as unit accelerated aging, etc.

Countermeasures: do not obstruct cooling hole, don't let notebook and soft objects such as quilts and other do intimate contact,dell latitude e5400 laptop keyboard use water pillow and so on.

Four, other reasons, such as coke killer, air conditioning killer, environmental killer, etc.



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Solve the USB controller cause Ghost start slowly

Recently discovered a group of new ibm lenovo thinkpad x201 keyboard machine to network g when found in this batch of machines on ghost starting speed special slow, need to wait for nearly 1 minutes to enter the ghost menu, obviously is the main board, or the chipset of cause, because the same ghost files in other machines on the mainboard normal.

Through the method of disabled in the BIOS out one may cause the problem of equipment, and ruled out the floppy disk controller, IDE controller and still no lenovo thinkpad t410 keyboard effect, but to the BIOS stunned, again through the BIOS may and the problems with the option, I am going to study in the BIOS interface why is blue suddenly see I never think of options, USB!

Disable usb controller restart, GHOST less than 3 seconds into the menu. Yes, the usb controller problem!

But, happily don't too early, this time I maintain two samsung q320 keyboard Internet bar at the same time with the motherboard machines nearly 400 units, each station closed usb controller that is what a terrible thing. So I guess ghost should have no detection usb device parameters, so in baidu, GOOGLE find the ghost parameters, finally let me give found, it is "- nousb"

Nousb!!!!! So simple, I get a experience is: in the sony vaio vgn-fw100 keyboard use of software need someone you don't know this software have this function, you can be in this function the most likely way to try, maybe the author thought and the function.




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